As an important first step of the RECOVER-TLC initiative, an online portal was launched on Sept. 30, 2024, to help identify promising therapeutic approaches for treating Long COVID. Submissions to the portal can include proposed drugs, devices, or other therapeutic or biologic agents or interventions targeted at alleviating symptoms associated with Long COVID. All individuals – patients, caregivers, scientists, and the pharmaceutical and biotech industries – have been encouraged to share their ideas.

Each week, FNIH retrieves all new submissions from the portal and stratifies them into the following therapeutic categories:

  • Drug (with further division into one of five categories: immunomodulatory, neurological agents, antiviral, host-directed, or other)
  • Nutrition and diet
  • Device
  • Complementary and integrative health
  • Manual and physical therapies

The first wave of review for submitted antiviral agents took place on Dec. 16, 2024. The next wave of antiviral review is scheduled for early January. Invitations for working group members to review agents that fall under the additional categories outlined above are in progress, and the first round of agent review for these submissions is slated for early to mid-January 2025.

Portal submission sources

Here is information about who is making portal submissions. All the data below reflects submissions through Dec. 10, 2024:

Circle graphs showing breakdown of Long COVID therapeutic submissions

Most of the portal submissions have come from patients (69%), academia (11%), and caregivers (8%). Additional ideas have come from companies (6%), research institutes (4%), and others (2%).

Submission categories

Here is the breakdown on the types of therapy ideas we have been receiving.

Circle graphs showing the kinds of Long COVID therapy ideas that are being submitted through the portal.

Sixty-nine percent of the portal submissions fall into the drug category, supplemented by nutrition and diet (12%), and manual and physical therapies (8%). Other submissions include complementary and integrative health (6%), and devices (5%).

List of therapeutics submitted through the portal

In all, over 290 agents or combinations of agents have been received through the portal. At least 40 of those are already involved in clinical trials. The full list of submissions through Dec. 17, 2024, is below:

DRUG SUBMISSIONS
ANTIVIRAL
  • Abacivir
  • Acyclovir
  • Atovaquone (alone or in combination with Afenoquine/Daptomycin/
    Amoxicillin/Clavulanate/Rifaximin/Ceftriaxone/Cefuroxime/Dapagliflozin/
    Venetoclax/Valganciclovir/Metformin/Methylene Blue/ Methylsulfonylmethane/Vitamin D3)
  • Azvudine (alone or in combination with GB-0669)
  • Casirivimab
  • Combination SARS-CoV-2 antivirals (direct-acting antivirals)
  • COVID monoclonal antibodies
  • COVID vaccines
  • Dapsone
  • Daptomycin
  • EDP-235
  • Ensitrelvir
  • Evusheld
  • GB-0669
  • Ibuzatrelvir
  • IMC-2 (valacyclovir-celecoxib fixed dose combination)
  • Imdevimab
  • Imunovir
  • Keptide
  • Maraviroc (alone or in combination with pravastatin)
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Obeldesivir
  • Paxlovid
  • PB 301
  • REGEN-COV
  • Remdesivir
  • Rimteravimab
  • Rintatolimod
  • Ritonavir
  • Suramin
  • Tenofovir (alone or in combination with Sandimmune/Sirolimus/Abacavir)
  • XVR013m
IMMUNOMODULATORS
  • Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Augmentation Therapy
  • Antihistamines (alone or in combination with naltrexone and fexofenadine)
  • Apheresis
  • Baricitinib
  • BC007
  • Belimumab
  • Benralizumab
  • Budesonide
  • Bisoprolol
  • Checkpoint inhibitors (alone or in combination with JAK inhibitors)
  • Cimetidine (alone or in combination with Sodium Phenylbutyrate/Propranolol/Acyclovir/Ascor)
  • Colchicine
  • Copaxone
  • Corticosteroids
  • CXCR4 inhibitors
  • Cyclosporine
  • Daratumumab (alone or in combination with Belimumab/Rituximab/Inebilizumab/Tafasitamab)
  • Dexamethasone
  • Diclofenac Sodium Topical Gel 1%
  • Dupilumab
  • Efgartigimod (or nipocalimab, rosanolixizumab)
  • Famotidine (alone or in combination with Hydroxyzine/Cetirizine/
    Loratadine/fexofenadine)
  • Fibroquel
  • Fibrinogen immunotherapy
  • Filgotinib
  • H1/H2 blockers
  • Heparin-induced Extracorporeal Low-density Lipoprotein Precipitation
  • Hydrocortisone
  • IL-6 Inhibitors
  • Imatinib
  • Immunomodulators
  • Intrathecal stem cell therapy
  • Inspiritol
  • INUSpheresis
  • IVIG (alone or in combination with Xolair or naltrexone)
  • JAK/STAT inhibitors (alone or in combination with checkpoint inhibitors)
  • Ketotifen
  • Leronlimab
  • MCAS medications
  • Meloxicam
  • Methotrexate low dose
  • Montelukast
  • Mrgprx2 antagonists
  • N-acetylcysteine
  • NK Cell therapy DVX201
  • Pegylated interferon lambda
  • Pentoxyifilline
  • Plasmapheresis
  • POLB001
  • Prednisone
  • Rapamycin (low dose)
  • Rituximab
  • Rozanolixizumab
  • RSLV-132
  • SCIG
  • Selnoflast
  • Sertraline
  • Sulodexide
  • SYX-1042
  • Tafasitamab
  • Teclistamab
  • Tempol
  • Thymosin Alpha 1
  • Thymalfasin
  • Tocilizumab
  • Trelegy
  • Triple anticoagulant therapy
  • Vilobelimab
  • Xycam
  • Xyzal
NEUROLOGICAL AGENTS
  • Acetaminophen
  • Amantadine
  • Anti-CGRP therapy
  • Aripiprazole (alone or in combination with Naltrexone)
  • ASHA-091
  • Carbidopa and levodopa combination
  • Cerebrolysin and SS31 combination peptide injections
  • Clonidine
  • CT38
  • Dexmethylphenidate
  • Dextromethorphan
  • Dextro-naltrexone
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
  • Guanfacine (alone or in combination with N-acetylcysteine)
  • Idebenone
  • Ondansetron
  • Ketamine
  • Lamotrigine
  • MDC002
  • Methylphenidate
  • Microglial inhibitors (including but not limited to Ibudilast)
  • Modafinil
  • Morphine
  • Naltrexone (low dose, alone or in combination with Allergra/Aripiprazole/Fexofenadine/Fluvoxamine)
  • Nicotine patches (alone or in combination with Ivabradine/LDN/MCAS tx/aspirin)
  • Nimodipine
  • Omalizumab
  • Pregabalin
  • SBT-272
  • Sodium Oxybate
  • Stellate ganglion nerve block
  • Stimulant therapy
  • Theophylline
  • Trazodone
  • Venlafaxine
  • Xanax/Alprazolam
  • XVR011
  • Zatomilast
  • Zuranolone
HOST-DIRECTED
  • Albuterol sulfate
  • Amlodipine besylate
  • Anti-purinergic agents
  • Aspirin
  • Atorvastatin (alone or in combination with Maraviroc)
  • Bisoprolol
  • Dabigatran
  • Dapagliflozin
  • Fluticasone propionate/nasal spray
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists
  • Hormone replacement therapy
  • Hydroxychloroquine
  • Hydroxyurea
  • Ibuprofen
  • Imodium
  • Insulin glargine
  • Ipratropium bromide/albuterol
  • Ivabradine (alone or in combination with low dose naltrexone/MCAS tx/aspirin/nicotine patches)
  • Matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2)
  • Metformin
  • Methylene blue
  • Midodrine
  • Pioglitazone
  • Promethazine/Codeine
  • Propranolol
  • Rabeprazole
  • Rixoroxaban
  • Rosuvastatin
  • Salubrinal
  • Semaglutide
  • Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) inhibitors
  • Sunitinib
  • Trimetazidin
  • Vericiguat
  • Zonulin antagonists (larazotide)

 

DEVICE SUBMISSIONS
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine
  • Noise canceling headphones
  • Pacers
  • Power wheelchair
  • Saunas
  • Shower chair/arm rails
  • Sunglasses
  • Visible wearable technology
  • WHOOP

 

MANUAL AND PHYSICAL THERAPY SUBMISSIONS
  • Cold water therapy
  • Constraint-induced cognitive therapy combined with vagus nerve stimulation (CICT+VNS)
  • Craniosacral therapy
  • Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) therapy
  • Functional neurology therapy
  • Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB)
  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy
  • Immunoadsorption
  • Intermittent Hypoxic Hyperoxic Therapy
  • Light therapy
  • Manual therapy
  • Massage therapy
  • Osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) sequence
  • Perrin Technique
  • Postural restoration
  • Slow Cortical Potentials Neurofeedback
  • Stellate ganglion block (alone or combined with epipharyngeal abrasion therapy)
  • Stimulant therapy
  • Stinting iliac veins secondary to pelvic congestion syndrome
  • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy
  • Transcranial Photobiomodulation
  • Using neuroplasticity to retrain the brain to regulate nervous system
  • Vision therapy
  • Water-based physical therapy

 

COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATIVE HEALTH SUBMISSIONS
  • Acupuncture
  • ANS Rewired (multilateral coaching and mind techniques)
  • Body Detox: Cellular detox and cellular cleaning
  • Cannabidiol
  • Community Based System Dynamics
  • Environmental removal therapy
  • Exposure therapy
  • External Qi Gong
  • Fecal matter transfer
  • Functional medicine
  • Glutamate theory of fatigue
  • Hot-cold showers
  • Hot springs
  • Long COVID (and other post-viral) Symptom Management Program
  • Mineral water
  • Non-sleep deep rest (NSDR)
  • Ozone IV therapy
  • Pacing activities
  • Perfume
  • Psilocybin
  • Sauna
  • Sleep
  • Stress-management techniques
  • Three-point electrical correction for COVID and Long COVID
  • Traditional native plant medicine therapeutic remedies of SE Athapaskan/Carlanas Apache
  • The 16-point Multiple Systemic Infectious Disease Syndrome (MSIDS) model

 

NUTRITION AND DIET SUBMISSIONS
  • 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)
  • 300+ (Formula C)
  • Alpha lipoic acid combined with CoQ10
  • Anhydrous enol-oxaloacetate
  • Atkins diet
  • Beef bone broth with gelatin and cabbage juice
  • Biotin
  • BLP1
  • Butyric acid
  • Certified manuka honey in combination with green yogurt
  • Choline
  • Citrulline
  • Creatine
  • Creatine HCL (alone or in combination with Creatine monohydrate/Phosphate/Alpha Lipoic Acid/Citrulline/Thiamine/Biotin/Magnesium/Vitamin D3/Vitamin B12/Choline/Vitamin K1/Vitamin A/Glucose)
  • Creatine Monohydrate
  • D-ribose
  • Ergothioneine
  • Eurosil-85 (alone or in combination with Ritonavir/Metformin/Benfotiamine/Vitamin D3)
  • French Maritime Pine Bark Extract
  • Fulvic acid
  • Fucoidans
  • Glucose
  • Glutathione (alone or in combination with tri-amino blends of vitamins)
  • Guanidine
  • Immunovis
  • Inosine
  • Intermittent fasting
  • Ketogenic diet
  • L-Citrulline
  • L-Carnitine
  • Lactoferrin
  • Lithium aspartate
  • Lomatium
  • Low histamine diet combined with daily (30 minutes) morning sunlight
  • Lumbrokinase
  • Phosphate
  • Probiotics
  • Magnesium
  • Methylated B vitamins
  • Meldonium
  • Nattokinase (alone or in combination with Repletion/Lactoferrin/
    Enoxaparin/Metformin/Sitagliptin/Taurine/Inosine/
    ASCOR injection/Vitamin A/Vitamin D3/Vitamin K1)
  • Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
  • Nutritional therapy
  • Optimizing Nutrition and Biochemical Pathways: A Guide to Metabolically Supporting Long Covid Patients with MTHFR Genetic Mutation
  • Q10
  • Quercetin
  • Resolvin precursor supplementation
  • Serrapeptase
  • Sodium cromolyn
  • Sodium phenylbutyrate
  • Standardized resolvin precursor supplementation
  • Sulforaphane/Sulphodine
  • Solaray Calcium-Magnesium Citrate 1:1 Ratio
  • Taurine
  • Thiamine B1, specifically as Thiamine Tetrahydrofurfuryl Disulfide (TTFD)
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin C alone or in combination with L-arginine
  • Vitamin D, D3
  • Vitamin K1

RECOVER-TLC Background

RECOVER-TLC will build on the work of the RECOVER program, which is led by three NIH Institutes: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); NIAID; and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS).

RECOVER has engaged more than 30,000 people in ongoing studies and clinical trials. This has created a research engine of unprecedented scale and scope, including one of the largest and most diverse Long COVID cohorts in the world. This work has advanced our understanding and provided valuable insights into designing and conducting clinical trials to address patient-centered endpoints. Data from ongoing RECOVER trials and studies will inform RECOVER-TLC efforts.

Partners

Public-Sector Partners
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences’
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
  • National Institute for Neurologic Diseases and Stroke
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
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